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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPlIE. FREY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

BOOK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,496, datedSeptember 16, 1890..

Application filed July 5, 1890. Serial No. 357,891. (No model.)

have invented anew and useful Improvement in Binding Books, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The Object of my invention is to effect a secure but flexible connectionof the leaves of books, especially blank-books and accountbooks, withoutthe use of any guard or stubpiece such as is commonly employed for thispurpose, and to dispense with the necessity of using glue in the back ofthe book. These objects I attain in the manner which I will now proceedto describe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 represents a completed book made according to my invention.Fig. 2 shows the manner of interlocking the binding-threads, and Fig. 3is a viewof the back of the book or sewing-band.

Heretofore in the binding of books the folded signature or sectionswhich compose the book have been secured together by sewing them onto acontinuous cord resting in saw-cuts in the back of the signatures orsections and then applying glue to the, backs and cords. After beingthus sewed and glued, and before the glue was cold, a number of stripsof cloth or paper were-attached to the back of the book. Thesewing-thread of the book was passed in and out of each folded sectionover a binding-cord, resting in a recess in the back of the signatures;or, if the book were too heavy for such cord, these binding-threads werepassed over a strip of parchment, and the strips of cloth mentioned wereattached to the back of the sections, between these binding-cords orparchment strips. This method of binding books is subject to theobjection that it makes the back of the book rigid and inflexible,so'that the leaves of the book will not open and lie flat at anyparticular place, as' it is very desirable, especially in account-books,that they should do. Besides this, applying the glue directly to theexposed threads in the back of the book has a tendency to rot thethreads, and these in time break and the sections of the book becomeloose. In addition to this, when books are sewed with a continuousthread running through all the sections, the breaking of the thread atany place loosens all the sections in the book. These disadvantages Iovercome in my invention, and a book made according to my method willlie open and flat at any place; and the separate sections are so sewedthat even if the threads in any one section shall be out no othersection in the book will be thereby afiected or become loose, nor willany one section of the book become sufficiently loosened to fall outunless the threads are cut in all the places where they enter the foldof such section. I saw the backs of the folded sections or signatures inthe ordinary manner, in order to form recesses and holes for the passageof the binding-threads, as in the ordinary manner. Then I sew thesesections directly to a sewing-band, which forms the back of the book.This sewing-band I prefer to make as. follows: I first take a strip ofManila paper or other suitable material of sufficient length and widthto form the entire back for the book. This paper may be mounted onmuslin. A series of transverse perforations of two rows each are made,according to the length of the sewing-band. Thesev perforations areintended as a guide in sewing the book and also to render the sewingeasier by providing holes through which the needle may be inserted.These series of perforations form recesses, in

each of which I lay a narrow strip of parch ment. After the parchmentstrips are placed on the muslin or other material which forms the outerlayer or face of the sewing'band, I paste to this sewing-band a strip ofdrilling, so that the parchment strips are secured between the paper anddrilling. The several signatures of the book are then in turn separatelysewed to this sewing-band. The sewing-thread is first inserted in thesewingband at a point above the first parchment strip, and it is theresecured round a bindingcord, as in the ordinary manner of binding books.It is then inserted Within the folded section and carried to the outsideof the sew ing-band at apoint just above the parchment strip, over thisparchment strip, back inside the folded section, then out and over thenext lower parchment strip in the sewing-band, and so 011 to the bottom,where it is passed over another binding-cord inserted in the ordinarymethod. The thread passing through the second section is chained orlocked With the thread passing through the first section by a knot tiedat each one of the parchment strips inserted in the sewing-band, andthey are in like manner tied at the binding-cords inserted above andbelow these parchment strips. The thread passing through the secondsection of the book is in like manner locked or chained to that passingthrough the third section of the book, and thus the binding threadspassing through each section are locked with the binding-thread passingthrough its adjacent sections at several places in the back of the book.No one section, therefore, can come out of the book unless thebinding-thread is cut at all the places Where it enters the foldedsection, and even if thus out no more than that one section Will beafiected.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A book in which the folded leaves comprising each signature orsection are secured directly to a sewing band or back formed of acontinuous piece of material, having inlaid being tied to the threads ofthe adjacent section on the outside of the sewing-band.

3. A book the folded sections of which are secured directly to a sewingband or back formed of one piece of material, having inlaid thereintransversely binding-strips of parchment or other material, by means ofthreads passing through such folded sections and back round thebinding-strips, the hinding-threads of each section being tied orinterlocked With the threads of the adjacent sections at each one of thebinding-strips or other suitable place.

RUDOLPH E. FREY.

Witnesses:

J OHN K. TIFFANY, FRANK E. RIOHEY.

